Just checked our own systems here and found similar - five machines reporting installation failure of that patch, no other machines reporting any failed patches. Haven't investigated yet but will post further if I find anything interesting.

I notice that the machines are showing two versions of this patch are missing. Clicking through gives slightly different metadata for each - the latest version looks to have been released 2018-12-21.

2018-12 Cumulative Update for Windows 10 Version 1803 for x64-based Systems (KB4483234)
Update Classification:	Security Update - Non-rated (High Priority)
Knowledge Base Article ID:	4483234
Product:	Security Updates
Language:	Language Neutral
Patch Name:	windows10.0-kb4483234-x64_1181c456953109fbd5b456a8a01c2815ef197e03.msu
Switches:	/quiet /norestart
Release Date:	21-Dec-18
Max Download Size:	88976.24 MB  (93,298,352,090)
Location ID:	2724233
Data Source:	Microsoft Update Catalog
Update Identifier:	{1ff78ac1-b14b-4545-8454-ee7f0c914366} - 1 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} - 0

2018, not 2019..
[edited by: Combo at 4:22 PM (GMT -8) on Jan 3, 2019]

After denying the earlier release of this patch (19-Dec) and leaving the later release approved (21-Dec) I've tested an installation and this looks to have installed correctly. In any case once the next round of CUs come out next week both 2018-12 patches will be superseded and presumably the 2019-01 CU will be correctly detected and install without the multiple version confusion ;)

I am going to do the same and deny the Dec 19th versions.  Odd that Microsoft has no notation of a re-release or an update to the patch....and the MS Update Catalog still lists only one with a last update of 12/18/2018.  Anybody at Kaseya want to chime in?

http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB4483234

Added MS Update Catalog link for KB
[edited by: Tim Varvais at 5:48 AM (GMT -8) on Jan 4, 2019]

....crickets